Post by DaNiJeL on Feb 20, 2014 14:45:41 GMT
VEHIClE ROLES
Driver
The driver does not dismount unless he is explicitly told to by his team leader, or when the verbal command "BAIL OUT!" is given by himself or another player.
Driver Responsibilities
* Maintains spacing when moving with other vehicles, knows the overall formation being employed.
* Stays mounted at all times unless told to dismount directly, or when a "BAIL OUT" command is issued.
* Listens to his navigator's directions or navigates on his own.
* Watches the road for any signs of satchels, mines, IEDs, explosives...
* Stays alert and avoids colliding with other vehicles as well as any unexpected obstacles in his path.
Navigator
The navigator is often a fireteam leader. He typically sits in the front passenger seat of the vehicle and learns his map and view of the terrain to give the driver clear directions where to go and how to get there.
Navigator Responsibilities
* Gives the driver clear and concise direction at all times. This includes describing the route, giving advance warning of any turns that may be needed.
* Must be familiar with what the movement plan is from start to finish, in order to be able to make judgment calls if re-routing becomes necessary.
Gunner
A gunner is tasked with employing the crew-served weapon system of the vehicle. Due to his elevated position, he has better observation of the terrain than the rest of the vehicle and communicates what he sees to help maintain the rest of the vehicle's situational awareness. Gunner does not dismount the vehicle unless his crew-served weapon is empty, when he is directed to by his team leader, or when the command "BAIL OUT!" is given.
Gunner Responsibilities
* Maintains a high state of situational awareness and conveys what he sees to the passengers of the vehicle.
* Scans a sector appropriate to the position of his vehicle in the overall vehicle formation or convoy.
* Stays mounted on his weapon until it is empty, he is directed by his team leader to dismount, or the command "BAIL OUT!" is received.
Passenger
Passengers of transport vehicles are generally infantry embarked for the purpose of transporting them to a fight.
Passenger Responsibilities
* Scan for and communicate threats. While they will sometimes not have a good view of their surroundings, they will take advantage of whatever view they do have to maintain situational awareness.
* Dismount to provide local security. When required, infantry dismount to provide local security for vehicles. This is generally done during temporary halts en-route to their actual final dismount point.
* Dismount to fight. Once at the final dismount point, or as required otherwise, infantry disembark the vehicles, form up into their respective units, and begin the assigned fight. This can include reacting to a convoy ambush as well as any other unexpected fights that might happen before the main objective.
VEHICLE GUIDELINES
Loading Up
Element leaders always load up last in vehicles. Their responsibility is to get their team members into the vehicle that has been assigned by their higher leadership. After being designated a vehicle, they will direct their team members to it, supervise their loading, and then load up as the last man.
As a general rule, a fireteam will attempt to occupy the following positions in a vehicle if they're assigned to one. (some examples)
* Fireteam Leader - Navigator
* Automatic Rifleman - Passenger
* Assistant Automatic Rifleman - Turret gunner
* Rifleman - Driver
Halts & Dismounting
When dismounting, infantry elements should provide 360° security as a standard. They should also try to get at least fifteen meters of clearance from the vehicle to help protect against primary or secondary explosions in the event that it is engaged.
When to dismount
* If a halt is short duration (somewhere around 30 seconds or less), mounted troops stay in their vehicles. All personnel continue to scan around the vehicle and stay alert to any potential enemy threats.
* If a halt is longer duration, mounted troops dismount and provide local security. Team leaders and squad leaders will order the dismount, at which point the "Dismount Drill" procedures are conducted. When it comes time to remount and move out, team leaders and squad leaders will say "Remount", "Mount up". Each team leader will maintain accountability of their men each time they dismount and remount to ensure that nobody is ever left behind.
* Regardless of the duration of a halt, the driver and gunner always stay mounted. The only time they will leave the vehicle is if it is disabled or destroyed. The gunner may also dismount if the vehicle gun is out of ammo, so that he can employ his personal weapon.
Dismount Drill Procedures
If dismounting under fire
* Immediately return fire on known or suspected enemy positions while moving to a position that offers cover or concealment. If no cover or concealment is available, either use the vehicle as cover, or take a lower stance.
* Begin the "React to Contact" battle drill and follow it until directed otherwise.
* Dismount once the vehicle has come to a halt or is moving slow enough that exiting will not injure you.
If not under fire
* Dismount once the vehicle has come to a halt.
* Move away from the vehicle to a position that offers cover or concealment. If unavailable, take a knee or go prone to reduce your exposure.
* Scan outward and identify likely threat avenues, key terrain.
* Continue scanning the surrounding terrain for enemy threats until ordered to remount the vehicle or move out with your team leader.
Situational Awareness
Everyone in a vehicle must scan their sectors to maintain situational awareness at all times. Vigilance will help to spot enemy ambushers and spoil their element of surprise. The sector a person scans will depend upon where they are placed in the vehicle.
(example for HMMWV)
Convoy Situational Awareness
* Speed in a convoy tends to result in security. This is due to the fact that speed makes it harder to engage the vehicles with threat weapons such as RPGs, command-detonated explosives, and more. However, one must be careful to balance speed with cohesion - if a convoy is spread out too far, the mutual support of each vehicle's weapons, and the security they bring, is lost.
* If the lead vehicle needs to unexpectedly brake hard for some reason, the driver will say "BRAKING, BRAKING, BRAKING" loudly over comms to help to prevent the trailing vehicles from piling into him when he brakes.
* Maintaining good interval is a key aspect of multi-vehicle operations. Depending on the terrain, vehicles should keep from 20 to 100 meters of spacing between each other. This helps to lessen the effects of enemy explosives such as satchel charges and IEDs and makes it harder for the enemy to mass fires on multiple vehicles at once.
* It is particularly important to maintain good interval when stopping temporarily, taking corners or other types of turns, and halting the convoy.
Dealing With Contact
Contact - Blow Through
If ambushed, standard procedure is to fight through it while mounted and not stop until you have exited the kill zone.If the enemy begins firing on a convoy, all gunners should immediately bring their weapons to bear and put out a heavy volume of return fire. Even if the gunners cannot see the enemy, they need to be firing in the direction that they are taking fire from. Once an ambush is initiated, the lead vehicle driver needs to be particularly vigilant in his scanning of the road. The odds of an IED or other explosive being placed in the path is extremely high, and it will require split-second timing to avoid such devices. When an ambush occurs, "blow through" is done unless otherwise stated. Leaders can also emphasize this by stating "Blow through!" or "Push through!" upon making contact.
Contact - Assault Through
The alternate method of dealing with contact as a convoy is to assault into the contact. This is done with the verbal command of "Assault through!". When this order is given, troops dismount while vehicle gunners lay heavy fire onto the enemy positions. The dismounts and vehicles then proceed to maneuver towards the enemy and decisively engage and destroy them. When the enemy has been defeated, troops remount and continue on with the mission.
Disabled Vehicle
It is up to the crew of the disabled vehicle to get out of their vehicle and fight their way to friendly forces. Stopping more vehicles within an ambush kill zone would only result in casualties and more disabled vehicles. When a vehicle is disabled, anyone who sees it states "Vehicle down!" on comms to indicate it.
Canalizing Ground
Canalizing ground is any sort of ground in which vehicles are heavily restricted in how they maneuver within it. When this sort of terrain is encountered, infantry are dismounted to move ahead and sweep the area before the convoy is committed to moving through it. It is important to keep the dismounted infantry within range of the supporting fires of the convoy vehicles while conducting this sweep.
Convoy Halts
When halting a convoy, simply stacking the vehicles up on the road one-after-the-other is not the ideal way to do things. While this can be used for very brief halts, the better choice for reaction-to-contact or longer-duration halts is either the Herringbone formation or the Coil formation.
Herringbone Formation
The standard formation to use when halting a convoy is known as the "Herringbone". In this, the vehicles pull off to both sides of the road in an alternating manner - the first vehicle pulls off to the right, second to the left, third to the right, and so on. The vehicles stay angled at about a 45° angle relative to the road. This formation is easy to execute and allows for the convoy to get good security when halted while also spreading the vehicles out a bit more than otherwise.
Coil Formation
The other formation that can be used is more geared towards armored vehicles. When executing a "Coil" formation, the lead vehicle stops and faces forward, the second vehicle pulls to the left and faces left, the third vehicle pulls to the right and faces right, while the trail vehicle turns around or spins in place so that it is oriented towards the rear. This allows for the vehicles to place their strongest armor in the direction that they're covering and provides excellent 360° security.
Driver
The driver does not dismount unless he is explicitly told to by his team leader, or when the verbal command "BAIL OUT!" is given by himself or another player.
Driver Responsibilities
* Maintains spacing when moving with other vehicles, knows the overall formation being employed.
* Stays mounted at all times unless told to dismount directly, or when a "BAIL OUT" command is issued.
* Listens to his navigator's directions or navigates on his own.
* Watches the road for any signs of satchels, mines, IEDs, explosives...
* Stays alert and avoids colliding with other vehicles as well as any unexpected obstacles in his path.
Navigator
The navigator is often a fireteam leader. He typically sits in the front passenger seat of the vehicle and learns his map and view of the terrain to give the driver clear directions where to go and how to get there.
Navigator Responsibilities
* Gives the driver clear and concise direction at all times. This includes describing the route, giving advance warning of any turns that may be needed.
* Must be familiar with what the movement plan is from start to finish, in order to be able to make judgment calls if re-routing becomes necessary.
Gunner
A gunner is tasked with employing the crew-served weapon system of the vehicle. Due to his elevated position, he has better observation of the terrain than the rest of the vehicle and communicates what he sees to help maintain the rest of the vehicle's situational awareness. Gunner does not dismount the vehicle unless his crew-served weapon is empty, when he is directed to by his team leader, or when the command "BAIL OUT!" is given.
Gunner Responsibilities
* Maintains a high state of situational awareness and conveys what he sees to the passengers of the vehicle.
* Scans a sector appropriate to the position of his vehicle in the overall vehicle formation or convoy.
* Stays mounted on his weapon until it is empty, he is directed by his team leader to dismount, or the command "BAIL OUT!" is received.
Passenger
Passengers of transport vehicles are generally infantry embarked for the purpose of transporting them to a fight.
Passenger Responsibilities
* Scan for and communicate threats. While they will sometimes not have a good view of their surroundings, they will take advantage of whatever view they do have to maintain situational awareness.
* Dismount to provide local security. When required, infantry dismount to provide local security for vehicles. This is generally done during temporary halts en-route to their actual final dismount point.
* Dismount to fight. Once at the final dismount point, or as required otherwise, infantry disembark the vehicles, form up into their respective units, and begin the assigned fight. This can include reacting to a convoy ambush as well as any other unexpected fights that might happen before the main objective.
VEHICLE GUIDELINES
Loading Up
Element leaders always load up last in vehicles. Their responsibility is to get their team members into the vehicle that has been assigned by their higher leadership. After being designated a vehicle, they will direct their team members to it, supervise their loading, and then load up as the last man.
As a general rule, a fireteam will attempt to occupy the following positions in a vehicle if they're assigned to one. (some examples)
* Fireteam Leader - Navigator
* Automatic Rifleman - Passenger
* Assistant Automatic Rifleman - Turret gunner
* Rifleman - Driver
Halts & Dismounting
When dismounting, infantry elements should provide 360° security as a standard. They should also try to get at least fifteen meters of clearance from the vehicle to help protect against primary or secondary explosions in the event that it is engaged.
When to dismount
* If a halt is short duration (somewhere around 30 seconds or less), mounted troops stay in their vehicles. All personnel continue to scan around the vehicle and stay alert to any potential enemy threats.
* If a halt is longer duration, mounted troops dismount and provide local security. Team leaders and squad leaders will order the dismount, at which point the "Dismount Drill" procedures are conducted. When it comes time to remount and move out, team leaders and squad leaders will say "Remount", "Mount up". Each team leader will maintain accountability of their men each time they dismount and remount to ensure that nobody is ever left behind.
* Regardless of the duration of a halt, the driver and gunner always stay mounted. The only time they will leave the vehicle is if it is disabled or destroyed. The gunner may also dismount if the vehicle gun is out of ammo, so that he can employ his personal weapon.
Dismount Drill Procedures
If dismounting under fire
* Immediately return fire on known or suspected enemy positions while moving to a position that offers cover or concealment. If no cover or concealment is available, either use the vehicle as cover, or take a lower stance.
* Begin the "React to Contact" battle drill and follow it until directed otherwise.
* Dismount once the vehicle has come to a halt or is moving slow enough that exiting will not injure you.
If not under fire
* Dismount once the vehicle has come to a halt.
* Move away from the vehicle to a position that offers cover or concealment. If unavailable, take a knee or go prone to reduce your exposure.
* Scan outward and identify likely threat avenues, key terrain.
* Continue scanning the surrounding terrain for enemy threats until ordered to remount the vehicle or move out with your team leader.
Situational Awareness
Everyone in a vehicle must scan their sectors to maintain situational awareness at all times. Vigilance will help to spot enemy ambushers and spoil their element of surprise. The sector a person scans will depend upon where they are placed in the vehicle.
(example for HMMWV)
Convoy Situational Awareness
* Speed in a convoy tends to result in security. This is due to the fact that speed makes it harder to engage the vehicles with threat weapons such as RPGs, command-detonated explosives, and more. However, one must be careful to balance speed with cohesion - if a convoy is spread out too far, the mutual support of each vehicle's weapons, and the security they bring, is lost.
* If the lead vehicle needs to unexpectedly brake hard for some reason, the driver will say "BRAKING, BRAKING, BRAKING" loudly over comms to help to prevent the trailing vehicles from piling into him when he brakes.
* Maintaining good interval is a key aspect of multi-vehicle operations. Depending on the terrain, vehicles should keep from 20 to 100 meters of spacing between each other. This helps to lessen the effects of enemy explosives such as satchel charges and IEDs and makes it harder for the enemy to mass fires on multiple vehicles at once.
* It is particularly important to maintain good interval when stopping temporarily, taking corners or other types of turns, and halting the convoy.
Dealing With Contact
Contact - Blow Through
If ambushed, standard procedure is to fight through it while mounted and not stop until you have exited the kill zone.If the enemy begins firing on a convoy, all gunners should immediately bring their weapons to bear and put out a heavy volume of return fire. Even if the gunners cannot see the enemy, they need to be firing in the direction that they are taking fire from. Once an ambush is initiated, the lead vehicle driver needs to be particularly vigilant in his scanning of the road. The odds of an IED or other explosive being placed in the path is extremely high, and it will require split-second timing to avoid such devices. When an ambush occurs, "blow through" is done unless otherwise stated. Leaders can also emphasize this by stating "Blow through!" or "Push through!" upon making contact.
Contact - Assault Through
The alternate method of dealing with contact as a convoy is to assault into the contact. This is done with the verbal command of "Assault through!". When this order is given, troops dismount while vehicle gunners lay heavy fire onto the enemy positions. The dismounts and vehicles then proceed to maneuver towards the enemy and decisively engage and destroy them. When the enemy has been defeated, troops remount and continue on with the mission.
Disabled Vehicle
It is up to the crew of the disabled vehicle to get out of their vehicle and fight their way to friendly forces. Stopping more vehicles within an ambush kill zone would only result in casualties and more disabled vehicles. When a vehicle is disabled, anyone who sees it states "Vehicle down!" on comms to indicate it.
Canalizing Ground
Canalizing ground is any sort of ground in which vehicles are heavily restricted in how they maneuver within it. When this sort of terrain is encountered, infantry are dismounted to move ahead and sweep the area before the convoy is committed to moving through it. It is important to keep the dismounted infantry within range of the supporting fires of the convoy vehicles while conducting this sweep.
Convoy Halts
When halting a convoy, simply stacking the vehicles up on the road one-after-the-other is not the ideal way to do things. While this can be used for very brief halts, the better choice for reaction-to-contact or longer-duration halts is either the Herringbone formation or the Coil formation.
Herringbone Formation
The standard formation to use when halting a convoy is known as the "Herringbone". In this, the vehicles pull off to both sides of the road in an alternating manner - the first vehicle pulls off to the right, second to the left, third to the right, and so on. The vehicles stay angled at about a 45° angle relative to the road. This formation is easy to execute and allows for the convoy to get good security when halted while also spreading the vehicles out a bit more than otherwise.
Coil Formation
The other formation that can be used is more geared towards armored vehicles. When executing a "Coil" formation, the lead vehicle stops and faces forward, the second vehicle pulls to the left and faces left, the third vehicle pulls to the right and faces right, while the trail vehicle turns around or spins in place so that it is oriented towards the rear. This allows for the vehicles to place their strongest armor in the direction that they're covering and provides excellent 360° security.
